Nuts and Nut Pastes

UC-authored Nuts and Nut Products documents

Bibliography: Containing a comprehensive list of references pertaining to microbial safety of nuts and sesame seeds. Publications on the Microbial Safety of Nuts and Sesame Seeds (updated 11-1-21) (PDF 1.1 MB)
Guidelines for using Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 as a surrogate microorganism in pistachio process validation (UC Davis & Michigan State University) (PDF 386 KB)
Inactivation of Microorganisms in Nuts and Nut Pastes: Table and References (updated 8-6-21) (PDF 239 KB)
Outbreaks from Tree Nut, Legume, and Seed Pastes: Table and References (updated 11-8-21) (PDF 891 KB)
Outbreaks from Tree Nuts, Peanuts, and Sesame Seeds (updated 11-8-21) (PDF 837 KB)
Surveys for Foodborne Pathogens on Nuts: Tables and References (updated 8-6-21) (PDF 324 KB)
Survival of Foodborne Pathogens on Nuts: Tables and References (updated 8-6-21) (PDF 175 KB)
U.S. Recalls of Nuts: Table and References (updated 8-6-21) (PDF 296 KB)
Archived Documents, Nuts and Nut Pastes

Food Safety Information on Nuts and Nut Pastes

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

From the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN and the World Health Organization, in English, Spanish, and French:
- Preventing Salmonella and E. coli in tree nuts (2012) (PDF 1.9 MB)
- Prevención y control de la Salmonella y la E. coli enterohemorrágica en los frutos secos (2012) (PDF 1.8 MB)
- Prévention et maîtrise de Salmonella et Escherichia. coli entérohémorragique dans les fruits à coque (2012) (PDF 1.8 MB)

Consumer Brands Association (formerly Grocery Manufacturers Association)

Industry Handbook for Safe Processing of Nuts, 3rd edition, Dec 2020 (Peanut and Tree Nut Processors Association and Consumer Brands Association) (PDF 3.1 MB)
Industry Handbook for Safe Processing of Nuts 2016 (Grocery Manufacturer's Association - GMA) (PDF 6.38 MB)
- Addendum I: Industry Handbook for the Safe Shelling of Peanuts 2015 (PDF 3 MB)
- Addendum II: Good Agricultural Practices for California Pistachio Growers 2009 (PDF 758 KB)
- Addendum III : Good Agricultural Practices for Almond Growers 2009 (PDF 2.3 MB)
- Executive Summary: Industry Handbook for Safe Processing of Nuts (PDF 42 KB)
- Facility Design Checklist (will open as MS Excel spreadsheet.)
- Technical Guidance and Tools (Resources - Products)

US Food and Drug Administration

Information about Specific Nuts

Almonds

Brazil Nuts

United States Standards for Grades of Brazil Nuts in the Shell (USDA,PDF 55 KB)
- USDA Brazil Nuts Handbook (USDA, PDF 1035 KB)

Chestnuts

Food Safety Modernization Act - Chestnut Growers of America Conference 2015 (Harris, Danyluk, UC Davis & Univ. of Florida, PDF 3.6 MB)

Hazelnuts (Filberts)

Oregon Hazelnut Marketing Board
Efficacy of water, sodium hypochlorite, peroxyacetic acid, and acidified sodium chlorite for reducing microorganisms on in-shell hazelnuts (Weller, L.D., Master's Thesis 2012)
United States Standards for Grades of Filberts in the Shell (USDA,PDF 57 KB)
- USDA Handbook Filberts in the Shell (USDA, PDF 115 KB)
- USDA Filberts in the Shell Visual Aid (USDA, PDF 1.2 MB)

Macadamia

Hawaii Macadamia Nut Association

Mixed Nuts

United States Standards for Grades of Mixed Nuts in the Shell (USDA, PDF 51 KB)

Peanuts and Peanut Butter

Pecans

National Pecan Shellers Association
United States Standards for Grades of Pecans in the Shell (USDA, PDF 77 KB)
- USDA Pecans in the Shell Handbook (USDA, PDF 13.2 MB)
United States Standards for Grades of Pecans, Shelled (USDA, PDF 79 KB)
- USDA Pecans, Shelled Handbook (USDA, PDF 1.8 KB)

Pistachios

Walnuts

Producing Quality Walnuts: Food Safety Starts on the Farm (PDF 120 KB)
Quality Counts - Best Practices for Walnut Growers (PDF 495 KB)
United States Standard for Walnuts (Juglans regia) in the Shell (USDA, PDF 62 KB)
United States Standard for Walnuts (Juglans regia), Shelled (USDA, PDF 102 KB)
- USDA Walnuts (Juglans regia) in the Shell and Shelled, Handbook (PDF 2.5 KB)
- USDA Walnuts (Juglans regia) Visual Aid (PDF 138 KB)